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Existing-Home Sales Inch Up But Prices Keep Soaring | Bankrate

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The Good Brigade/Getty Images; Illustration by Austin Courregé/Bankrate

Key takeaways

Existing-home sales in July 2024 rose 1.3 percent from the previous month, ending four straight months of declines, according to the National Association of Realtors.

The nationwide median sale price was $422,600, up 4.2 percent from last year and the highest July median on record.

Inventory in July continued to inch up, reaching a 4.0-month supply — a sign that buyers may be gaining more leverage in the market.

The housing market reversed course slightly in July 2024, showing a slight increase in sales for the first time in four months, a new report by the National Association of Realtors (NAR) shows. Sales of existing homes rose 1.3 percent from last month, which marks an end to four consecutive months of declines but is still 2.5 percent lower than one year ago. Meanwhile, the median home-sale price dropped slightly from June’s all-time high but still marked the highest median price on record for the month of July, according to NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun.

High mortgage rates have contributed to the sluggish sales figures. While rates have thankfully remained below the 8 percent mark briefly seen in October 2023, they are still hovering between 6.5 and 7 percent. The average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate loan was 6.62 percent as of August 21, according to Bankrate’s most recent survey of large lenders. Combined with the historically high prices, that means affordability challenges remain daunting for homebuyers.

The fate of the housing market in the coming months will be dictated in part by the direction of mortgage rates.
— Mark Hamrick, Bankrate Senior Economic Analyst

“The fate of the housing market in the coming months will be dictated in part by the direction of mortgage rates, as well as the health of the broader economy,” says Mark Hamrick, Bankrate’s senior economic analyst. “The market could benefit from a combination of tailwinds, if they were to develop and are sustained.”

Existing-home sales finally inch upward

The count of existing-home sales includes all completed resales, including single-family houses, condos, townhouses and co-ops. According to NAR, the number of sales nationally increased 1.3 percent month-over-month to an annual pace of 3.95 million transactions in July 2024. While that’s the first increase since Q1, it’s still a 2.5 percent decrease from last year.

“Despite the modest gain, home sales are still sluggish,” Yun said in a statement.

Regionally, the Northeast saw the biggest sales increase, up 4.3 percent from June and 2.1 percent from July of last year. In the West, sales rose 1.4 percent both month-over-month and year-over-year. Sales in the South rose 1.1 perent from June but were down 3.8 percent from last year, and in the Midwest sales were flat in July and down 5.2 percent from July of last year.

Days on market

Properties typically remained on the market for 24 days in July, up slightly from 22 days in June and 20 days in July of last year. Selling times are a crucial measure at any time of year, but especially during the peak spring and summer selling seasons.

Home prices hit new July record

The nationwide median sale price for existing homes in July clocked in at $422,600. That’s down slightly from June’s all-time high of $426,900, mostly due to seasonality, but it’s still an increase of 4.2 percent from last year and the highest July median on record. This month’s jump marks 13 consecutive months of year-over-year price increases.

All four geographic regions again experienced annual price increases in July. The West continued to have the highest median price by far at $629,500, up 3.4 percent from a year ago. In the Northeast, the median rose 8.3 percent from a year ago to $505,100. The South’s median price rose 2.3 percent to $372,500, and the Midwest’s median rose 4.5 percent to $321,300.

First-time homebuyers made up 29 percent of sales in July, no change from June but down slightly from 30 percent in July of last year. All-cash deals accounted for 27 percent of July sales, up slightly from 26 percent a year ago.

Housing inventory on the rise

The supply of homes for sale is inching higher, after being severely low for quite some time. Total housing inventory — the overall number of homes for sale on the market — stood at 1.33 million units at the end of July. That’s up a modest 0.8 percent from June but a significant 19.8 percent jump from a year ago. The figure represents 4.0-month supply, which is getting closer to the five-to-six months typically required for a healthy, balanced market.

Despite the sharp rise in mortgage rates this past fall, which has kept many homeowners from sellingand thus kept those homes off the market, things may be looking up for homebuyers. “Consumers are definitely seeing more choices, and affordability is improving due to lower interest rates,” Yun said.

Robert Frick, corporate economist with Navy Federal Credit Union, cautiously agreed: “This is a glimmer of hope, not a turnaround signal,” he said. “Home sales remain weak, but lower mortgage rates should bring more potential sellers off the sidelines and increase affordability somewhat.”



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Real Estate Commission Changes Are Here For Buyers, Sellers | Bankrate

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The National Association of Realtors (NAR) agreed to new rules around real estate commissions as part of a lawsuit settlement in March. As of August 17, they’re actually rolling out — and consumers face a deluge of confusion and conflicting predictions.

One narrative predicts a coming utopia for homebuyers: A price war will erupt, and commissions will plunge amid a new wave of competition among buyers’ agents. A competing narrative goes in the opposite direction: Under the new commission structure, buyers will realize they’re on the hook for thousands and decide not to use agents at all. NAR, meanwhile, has portrayed the changes as minor tweaks rather than a major shift.

The opposing narratives underscore just how complex Realtor compensation has always been — and how much more complex it just got. Here’s a look at the new commission structure and what it could mean for both homebuyers and sellers.

How real estate commissions used to work

Traditionally, when a home seller hired a real estate agent to represent their listing, the seller agreed to pay a commission. The national average has been about 5 percent of the home’s sale price, typically split down the middle with 2.5 percent going to the listing agent and the other 2.5 percent to the buyer’s agent. (On a $400,000 home, 5 percent comes to $20,000, or $10,000 for each agent.)

Who pays?

Even this has been a bit murky. Agent fees came out of the seller’s proceeds at closing, but it’s reasonable to assume that the seller adjusted their price accordingly — the fees were baked into the home’s sale price. And so the buyer ultimately paid, just not directly to the agents: That extra 5 percent was rolled into the home’s sale price.

What’s changing?

The biggest change is that listing agents (the agents who represent home sellers) may no longer make offers of compensation to buy-side agents on any NAR-affiliated multiple listing service (MLS). In addition, a buyer’s agent must now have a written contract with a home shopper, clearly specifying their fee, before they may show that client a house. Until now, NAR encouraged but didn’t require written agreements between buy-side agents and buyers.

A federal judge gave preliminary approval to the settlement in April 2024, and the final holdout among the brokerages named in the suit — HomeServices of America, part of Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway — also settled in April. While final court approval is not expected until November, the rules took effect August 17.

Compared to the old model, the new version offers a greater level of transparency for consumers — homebuyers now will be fully aware of how much they’re paying for an agent’s services. “It’s always good when people understand what they are and are not paying for,” says David Druey, Florida regional president at Centennial Bank.

An important aspect of the new model for agents: While the new rules prevent listing agents from posting buy-side commissions on the MLS, as they used to, sellers and listing agents still can agree on the amount off the MLS. That means it’s OK to offer compensation amounts verbally, in emails or texts, and even on their brokerage’s own website, as long as it’s not done on the MLS.

“Although sellers can elect not to pay any buyer agent compensation, that doesn’t mean they will avoid the economics,” says Budge Huskey, president and chief executive of Premier Sotheby’s International Realty in Naples, Florida. “Buyers may easily write into any offer a contingency requiring that the seller cover the cost, or may request other concessions, such as closing cost assistance in the dollar amount they are paying their representative.”

Does this mean real estate commissions are now negotiable?

Technically, real estate commissions always have been negotiable — a theme NAR long has stressed. Practically, though, the picture gets complicated. In many cases, Realtors are more skilled at negotiating than their clients, so the consumer comes into the negotiation at a disadvantage. What’s more, the buyer’s agent commission was previously determined by the seller, not by the buyer. The new rules shift that responsibility to buyers, who now will discuss compensation directly with the agents representing them.

Is this good or bad for consumers?

Until we see how things shake out over time, the answer really depends on who you ask. Some foresee a near-nirvana for consumers: Vishal Garg, CEO of mortgage company Better, predicts the settlement will unleash a “buy-side price war” — buyer agents will begin competing fiercely for clients.

Others fear a darker turn. Ken H. Johnson, a real estate economist at Florida Atlantic University and a former real estate broker, says the new rules just add another layer of complexity to an already-confusing process.

“No longer advertising buyer agent commissions will only create a more confused and drawn-out transaction process as buyers, sellers and agents will have to negotiate the fee, who will pay for it and how much will be paid by each party,” Johnson says. “Due to this added level of complexity, buyers will almost certainly have to negotiate with more sellers before they find the deal they are satisfied with. Thus, the house-hunting period will extend for the average buyer.”

Concerns for first-time buyers

Many in the real estate industry worry that first-time homebuyers — those who need expert guidance the most, and who are already severely hampered by high prices and high mortgage rates — will be priced out of professional representation. If commissions no longer come out of the seller’s proceeds, the thinking goes, buyers won’t have an additional $7,500 or $10,000 to pay an agent.

“Most of those buyers are scraping the barrel to the bottom to come up with a down payment,” says Dave Liniger, chairman and co-founder of RE/MAX. (The firm was one of the large brokerages named as defendants in the suit along with NAR; RE/MAX settled last year for $55 million.)

For now, buyers can’t roll commission costs into their mortgages under the new rules. But industry players widely expect the Federal Housing Finance Agency, overseer of mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, to change those rules.

“I think there’s going to be pressure on them to allow that,” Liniger says. “The industry needs first-time buyers.”

Indeed, NAR already has been attempting to nudge the mortgage industry in that direction: “We are talking with Freddie and Fannie to see what can be done,” says Lawrence Yun, NAR’s chief economist.



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The Future Of Real Estate Commissions | Bankrate

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Real estate commissions have survived the rise of the Internet and decades of attacks from disruption-minded discounters. Now, finally, they might be coming down.

A federal lawsuit has forced changes to the way consumers negotiate and pay real estate agents. In October 2023, a federal jury in Missouri found that the National Association of Realtors (NAR), along with several large brokerages, conspired to inflate Realtors’ commissions. The brokerages all settled out-of-court, and in March 2024, NAR settled as well, agreeing to pay $418 million in damages and change some of their longstanding rules. (Final court approval is expected in November.) Here’s what it means for homebuyers and sellers.

How real estate commissions are changing: A ‘price war’?

As of August 17, home sellers are no longer automatically responsible for paying both their own agent and the buyer’s agent. Instead, homebuyers who want representation may have to pay their own agents separately: Under the new system that NAR agreed to in settling the suit, when a home hits the market, listing agents will no longer specify how much the buyer’s agent will be paid. Instead, that fee will be negotiated separately between the buyer and the buyer’s agent.

Next up, perhaps: Full-throated price competition among buyers’ agents. “You’re going to see a buy-side price war by next year,” says Vishal Garg, CEO of mortgage company Better.

Technically, real estate commissions have always been negotiable. Practically, though, agents are more skilled at negotiating than their clients, and commissions have clustered in the range of 5 percent. The new rules set the stage for buyer agents to aggressively market their fees. Stephen Brobeck, senior fellow at the Consumer Federation of America, expects commissions will ultimately fall below 4 percent, maybe even to 3 percent. “Over time, more agents will feel free to offer different types of compensation, and more consumers will comparison shop and negotiate commissions in a more transparent marketplace,” he said.

A new era of competition among buyer agents is coming soon, says Garg. “In the best-case scenario, consumers are going to shop around for buy-side agents in the same way they shop around for mortgage lenders,” he says.

A financing wrinkle

There are still many details to be worked out. If the buy-side agent is no longer paid from the listing commission, then that means the buyer is responsible for paying their agent directly — a sum that would average about $10,000, based on a 2.5 percent commission and a $400,000 sale price. For now, buyers aren’t allowed to roll that amount into their mortgage to be paid over time. However, it’s possible that the Federal Housing Finance Agency will change its rules to allow Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgages to include commissions. Industry experts expect federal regulators to tackle that topic in the near future.

How much do commissions cost?

Under the longtime standard, if a homeowner sold a property for $400,000, about average for existing homes in the United States, the seller paid a commission of around 5 percent, amounting to $20,000. That amount was then split between the seller’s own agent and their buyer’s agent (which hardly mattered to the seller, who still had to pay the full amount regardless).

Long ago, 6 percent was the going rate for real estate commissions; 3 percent to each agent. But after decades of competition and regulatory scrutiny, the typical commission now is slightly less than 5 percent, according to data from Anywhere Real Estate, the parent of Coldwell Banker, Century 21 and other large real estate brands. In its filings with securities regulators, publicly traded Anywhere reports that its average commission “side” — half the commission — is currently about 2.4 percent.

While commissions briefly rose during the Great Recession and again in 2023, rates in general have been falling steadily for decades. For Realtors, this decline in commission rates has been offset by rising home prices: They’re getting a smaller piece of the pie in terms of their percentage-based fee, but the pie is getting bigger.

About the NAR lawsuit

In the case that went to trial in 2023, Missouri home sellers alleged antitrust violations by NAR and four major brokerages: Keller Williams, Anywhere, RE/MAX and HomeServices of America. Anywhere and RE/MAX settled before trial — paying $83.5 million and $55 million in damages, respectively — while the other defendants opted to take their chances in the courtroom.

The jury ruled against the industry, and a judge ordered NAR and the two remaining brokerage firms to pay $1.8 billion in damages to home sellers. Keller Williams eventually settled for $70 million, and HomeServices of America, part of Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway, settled for $250 million. NAR also agreed to pay up and change its practices.

Other dramas

NAR has recently faced other headwinds in addition to the antitrust lawsuit and related cases. A sexual harassment scandal led to the resignation of the organization’s then-president in 2023, and the organization’s next president and longtime CEO then stepped down as well.

All the drama has created unease and unrest in the ranks. Redfin cut ties with the trade group, requiring many of its brokers and agents to cancel their memberships, and other brokerages have followed suit. In addition, two influential real estate agents have launched a competing trade group, known as the American Real Estate Association (AREA).

One of the new group’s cofounders, Jason Haber — a broker/agent at Compass in New York City and an outspoken NAR critic — described AREA as an alternative, not a replacement. “We’re not trying to replace NAR. We’re not trying to replicate NAR,” he said. “They have a 108-year head start.”

Competition and the MLS

The residential real estate industry has long presented a dichotomy. On the one hand, it has essentially controlled the marketing of properties for sale through a nationwide network of multiple listing services (MLSs). That reality has led to grumblings about collusion and price-fixing, along with scrutiny from the U.S. Department of Justice.

On the other hand, real estate sales is a relatively easy business to get into, as evidenced by NAR’s membership rolls of more than 1.5 million agents. To earn a real estate license, an agent typically needs to take a couple of classes and pass a state exam. No college degree is required, and the costs of entry are modest. However, the settlement is expected to thin the ranks.

Lawrence Yun, NAR’s chief economist, pointed last year to these low barriers to entry as evidence that competition is alive and well: “Real estate is a perfectly competitive industry,” Yun said during the organization’s annual conference in November.

Brobeck, the consumer advocate, disagrees with that assessment. “It’s not a free market right now,” he said. “There’s intense competition for clients. But there’s no competition on rates. In a normal marketplace, you compete based on marketing, but also on the price you charge.”

Meanwhile, the industry mantra has long held that commissions are negotiable, suggesting that sellers and buyers call the shots when it comes to how much they pay agents. In practice, though, consumers buy or sell a home only once every 5 to 10 years, if that, and many aren’t knowledgeable enough about the process to successfully negotiate the rate down.

“Consumers are at a disadvantage,” Brobeck said. “They buy and sell homes infrequently, and they’re mostly concerned about sale price and timing.”

Historically, discounters have not succeeded

For decades, detractors have predicted the demise of real estate commissions. These fees were sure to go the way of stockbrokerage commissions and travel agency fees, the naysayers said. Instead, real estate commissions have proven stubbornly resilient.

It’s not for a lack of trying. Many disruptors have seen commissions as a problem to be solved, but most have fallen short of reshaping the industry.

In the early 2000s, for instance, a splashy discounter known as YourHomeDirect (and later Foxtons) offered 2 percent commissions in New York and New Jersey. But after advertising heavily and gaining market share, it ultimately collapsed.

A decade later, London-based Purplebricks pushed into the U.S., wooing sellers with a flat fee of $3,200. It, too, overestimated demand and pulled out of the U.S. market in 2019.

One high-profile discounter, Seattle-based Redfin, has achieved greater staying power. It launched as a cheaper alternative to traditional brokers and touted listing fees of just 1 percent, although it has since shifted to focusing on 1.5 percent listing fees.

How sellers can save on real estate commissions

If you’re not keen on paying agent commissions, here are some alternative options:

Go it alone: Sell your home without an agent in a “for sale by owner” transaction. Between July 2022 and June 2023, 7 percent of home sales were sold by owners without the help of an agent, according to NAR data. But selling without professional help is a lot of work to do on your own, and it technically only saves you one agent’s commission — you may still have to pay your buyer’s agent.

Negotiate: If you don’t want to go it alone, ask agents about their commission rates upfront and compare the terms of each person you talk to. If you think the fee is too high, see if they’re willing to lower it. If both agents in the transaction are from the same brokerage, you might have more leverage to negotiate.

Hire a discount agent: A low-commission real estate agent will likely charge much less than a traditional agent would — usually 1 to 1.5 percent of your home’s sale price. (However, you might not receive the personalized attention you would with a traditional Realtor.) There are also brokerages and agents who work on a flat-fee basis, earning a preset amount on the sale rather than a percentage of the sale price.

Sell to a cash-homebuying company: These companies, which often advertise “we buy houses,” pay in cash, close quickly and typically charge no fees. However, if you sell this way you’re likely to get a lower price for your home than you would with a traditional sale.



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What Is Dual Agency, And Is It Risky? | Bankrate

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Key takeaways

In a dual agency situation, the same real estate agent represents both the buyer and the seller of a home.

This arrangement can be risky for buyers, since agents are paid based on how much the home sells for.

However, dual agency can also be beneficial in helping to simplify a complex transaction and ensuring a smooth and efficient close.

In most real estate transactions, the buyer and seller are each represented by their own separate agents: one buyer’s agent and one listing agent. Each agent protects their individual client’s interests. It’s also possible, however, for both the buyer and seller to work with the same real estate agent in an arrangement called dual agency.

Having only one agent involved in a transaction can simplify the process. But it also presents the risk that the agent may favor one party over the other — specifically the seller, as their commission fee hinges on the final sale price of the house. In fact, in several states, acting as a dual agent is actually illegal. Still, if it’s permitted in your state, it can be worth considering. Here’s what you should know about dual agency, whether you’re a buyer or seller.

What is dual agency, and how does it work?

Typically, when a buyer searches for and purchases a home, they do so with the help of a buyer’s agent — an agent who works specifically for them, helping them find and buy the right property. The seller of a home, meanwhile, works with their own dedicated agent, whose job is specifically to market and sell their home (usually referred to as the listing agent, as they manage the listing). Each agent in the transaction works on behalf of their respective party under a principle known as fiduciary duty, which means each must act in their own client’s best interests. But in a dual agency situation, the same real estate agent represents both the buyer and the seller of the home.

Dual agency often occurs when the buyer and seller of a home use the same brokerage. It can also happen when a buyer approaches the listing agent directly, such as through a for-sale sign or online listing, without being represented by their own buyer’s agent.

Here’s an example: Say you’re a buyer who’s just starting to look at homes, and you are not yet working with an agent. You attend an open house, love it, and chat with the agent hosting it, who is representing the seller. You hit it off with that agent and decide to work directly with them to submit an offer and purchase the home. If that agent agrees, they are now a dual agent, representing both parties in the transaction.

Whether you’re the buyer or the home’s seller, it’s important to understand how you’re being represented. Both parties must formally agree to a dual agency arrangement, notes Than Merrill, a real estate investor and founder of FortuneBuilders. “For an agent to represent both sides in a real estate transaction, they must receive informed consent from the buyer and the seller,” he says. “If either the buyer or seller isn’t comfortable with the idea, they reserve the right to opt out of the deal.”

Risks of dual agency

By its nature, dual agency can present very real conflicts of interest.

A real estate agent’s commission is based on a percentage of how much the home sells for — in other words, the higher the sale price, the more money they earn. So they “are incentivized to bid up the sale price,” Merrill says. “That’s not to say that all dual agents don’t have their customers’ best interests in mind, but rather that the incentives inherently work in favor of sellers.”

It also raises potential ethical questions. “Dual agency in and of itself is not unethical, but there are actions and tactics that could be sneaky,” says Farid Yaghoubtil, an attorney with Downtown LA Law Group in Los Angeles. He notes that “both the buyer and seller may be under the impression that the agent is biased toward or favoring the other party, which can result in suspicion, mistrust and anger.”

Overall though, buyers and sellers can usually count on getting fair, if not full, representation in a dual agency transaction, says Deb Tomaro of Bloomington, Indiana’s Deb Tomaro Real Estate. “For example, if I am the agent in a dual agency arrangement, I cannot make suggestions to a buyer about how much to offer, because that’s not fairly representing the seller,” she says. “If a buyer tells me he wants to see a list of all homes with 2,000 square feet that sold in the past year in the same neighborhood, I can run that report. But I can’t help him interpret it or point out differences. I can only provide the facts.”

Is dual agency illegal?

For these and other reasons, some U.S. states actually prohibit the practice of dual agency. “The fact that it is illegal in several states should be enough to give some parties pause and elicit further consideration,” says Yaghoubtil. Real estate dual agency is illegal in these eight states:

Alaska
Colorado
Florida
Kansas
Maryland
Texas
Vermont
Wyoming

Advantages of dual agency

While dual agency can be inherently problematic, it can also offer advantages — namely, a smoother transaction.

“Since both the seller and buyer are working with the same agent, documents can be prepared and signed more quickly,” says Raj Dosanjh, founder of Rentround, a rental agent-matching platform. “There will be one person who knows everything about the property. This can eliminate excessive back-and-forth questions.”

Another plus? The seller has more leverage to request a reduced commission fee, since there’s only one agent. “You can use the single point of payment to your advantage,” Merrill says. “You may be able to negotiate lower commission fees when the dual agent doesn’t have to split profits with anyone else.” (Read more on this below.)

Who pays commission in dual agency?

In a traditional two-agent transaction, each agent earns a portion of the overall commission. In contrast, a dual agent will receive the entire commission on the transaction, since there’s no second agent to split it with. Thus, the amount can often be open to negotiation. For example, a dual agent may agree to a 5 percent commission instead of 5.5 or 6 percent, or maybe even less, since they do not have to split the fee with anyone else.

As for who pays that commission, buyer or seller, it used to be that the seller paid the commission for both agents out of their sale proceeds. But that is changing thanks to new commission rules going into effect after a federal lawsuit, which are due to kick in this August. Be sure to hammer out the details of who is paying what percentage of a dual agent’s commission beforehand, and have it clearly spelled out in the purchase and sale agreement.

Bottom line

Dual agency is legal in most states and can make for a more convenient transaction, provided you understand the risks. But it isn’t often recommended. “I believe buyers should have their own representation and enlist their own agent before they start looking for homes,” Tomaro says. “Having representation with a Realtor you trust and develop a relationship with will always end better than just calling a random name on a sign and having them represent you.”



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